The key difference between synchronous and asynchronous execution is that in synchronous mode you write the code as a single series of steps. In contrast, in asynchronous code you register event listeners and often divide operations among listener methods. When a database is connected in synchronous execution mode, you can execute a series of database operations in succession within a single code block. The following example demonstrates this technique:

var conn:SQLConnection = new SQLConnection(); 
     
// The database file is in the application storage directory 
var folder:File = File.applicationStorageDirectory; 
var dbFile:File = folder.resolvePath("DBSample.db"); 
     
// open the database 
conn.open(dbFile, OpenMode.UPDATE); 
     
// start a transaction 
conn.begin(); 
     
// add the customer record to the database 
var insertCustomer:SQLStatement = new SQLStatement(); 
insertCustomer.sqlConnection = conn; 
insertCustomer.text = 
    "INSERT INTO customers (firstName, lastName) " +  
    "VALUES ('Bob', 'Jones')"; 
insertCustomer.execute(); 
     
var customerId:Number = insertCustomer.getResult().lastInsertRowID; 
     
// add a related phone number record for the customer 
var insertPhoneNumber:SQLStatement = new SQLStatement(); 
insertPhoneNumber.sqlConnection = conn; 
insertPhoneNumber.text =  
    "INSERT INTO customerPhoneNumbers (customerId, number) " +  
    "VALUES (:customerId, '800-555-1234')"; 
insertPhoneNumber.parameters[":customerId"] = customerId; 
insertPhoneNumber.execute(); 
     
// commit the transaction 
conn.commit(); 

As you can see, you call the same methods to perform database operations whether you’re using synchronous or asynchronous execution. The key differences between the two approaches are executing an operation that depends on another operation and handling errors.

When you’re using synchronous execution mode, you don’t need to write code that listens for an event to determine when an operation completes. Instead, you can assume that if an operation in one line of code completes successfully, execution continues with the next line of code. Consequently, to perform an operation that depends on the success of another operation, simply write the dependent code immediately following the operation on which it depends. For instance, to code an application to begin a transaction, execute an INSERT statement, retrieve the primary key of the inserted row, insert that primary key into another row of a different table, and finally commit the transaction, the code can all be written as a series of statements. The following example demonstrates these operations:

var conn:SQLConnection = new SQLConnection(); 
     
// The database file is in the application storage directory 
var folder:File = File.applicationStorageDirectory; 
var dbFile:File = folder.resolvePath("DBSample.db"); 
     
// open the database 
conn.open(dbFile, SQLMode.UPDATE); 
     
// start a transaction 
conn.begin(); 
     
// add the customer record to the database 
var insertCustomer:SQLStatement = new SQLStatement(); 
insertCustomer.sqlConnection = conn; 
insertCustomer.text = 
    "INSERT INTO customers (firstName, lastName) " +  
    "VALUES ('Bob', 'Jones')"; 
insertCustomer.execute(); 
     
var customerId:Number = insertCustomer.getResult().lastInsertRowID; 
     
// add a related phone number record for the customer 
var insertPhoneNumber:SQLStatement = new SQLStatement(); 
insertPhoneNumber.sqlConnection = conn; 
insertPhoneNumber.text =  
    "INSERT INTO customerPhoneNumbers (customerId, number) " +  
    "VALUES (:customerId, '800-555-1234')"; 
insertPhoneNumber.parameters[":customerId"] = customerId; 
insertPhoneNumber.execute(); 
     
// commit the transaction 
conn.commit(); 

In synchronous execution mode, you don’t listen for an error event to determine that an operation has failed. Instead, you surround any code that could trigger errors in a set of try..catch..finally code blocks. You wrap the error-throwing code in the try block. Write the actions to perform in response to each type of error in separate catch blocks. Place any code that you want to always execute regardless of success or failure (for example, closing a database connection that’s no longer needed) in a finally block. The following example demonstrates using try..catch..finally blocks for error handling. It builds on the previous example by adding error handling code:

var conn:SQLConnection = new SQLConnection(); 
     
// The database file is in the application storage directory 
var folder:File = File.applicationStorageDirectory; 
var dbFile:File = folder.resolvePath("DBSample.db"); 
     
// open the database 
conn.open(dbFile, SQLMode.UPDATE); 
     
// start a transaction 
conn.begin(); 
     
try 
{ 
    // add the customer record to the database 
    var insertCustomer:SQLStatement = new SQLStatement(); 
    insertCustomer.sqlConnection = conn; 
    insertCustomer.text = 
        "INSERT INTO customers (firstName, lastName)" +  
        "VALUES ('Bob', 'Jones')"; 
     
    insertCustomer.execute(); 
     
    var customerId:Number = insertCustomer.getResult().lastInsertRowID; 
     
    // add a related phone number record for the customer 
    var insertPhoneNumber:SQLStatement = new SQLStatement(); 
    insertPhoneNumber.sqlConnection = conn; 
    insertPhoneNumber.text =  
        "INSERT INTO customerPhoneNumbers (customerId, number)" +  
        "VALUES (:customerId, '800-555-1234')"; 
    insertPhoneNumber.parameters[":customerId"] = customerId; 
     
    insertPhoneNumber.execute(); 
     
    // if we've gotten to this point without errors, commit the transaction 
    conn.commit(); 
} 
catch (error:SQLError) 
{ 
    // rollback the transaction 
    conn.rollback(); 
}